Illness as Metaphor is Susan Sontag's influential examination of the metaphors and myths society attaches to diseases, particularly tuberculosis and cancer. She argues that such metaphors often stigmatize patients and distort public understanding of illness.
Drawing on literary, historical, and cultural examples, Sontag advocates for viewing disease in purely medical terms rather than as a moral, psychological, or symbolic condition. The book became a landmark work in cultural criticism and medical humanities.