In 1669 Ashley, one of the Lord Proprietors of Carolina, directed Locke in drafting the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina. Sometimes it is attributed to Locke as author, but his role was more as secretary to Ashley. Locke's patron became Lord Chancellor in 1672 and then raised to the title 1st Earl of Shaftesbury in 1673. An indication of Locke's rise in status is that the first known portrait was painted by John Greenhill, around the same that Shaftesbury sat for the artist. Shaftesbury appointed Locke secretary to the Lords Proprietors and secretary to the Council of Trade and Plantations.[35] Locke was one of the early scholars in Britain to read and own Baruch Spinoza's radical text Tractatus Theologico-Politicus in 1672, which he sold to his patron Shaftesbury in 1675, but purchased another copy to replace it. Locke took great care subsequently "to avoid being tainted by 'Spinosa'".[36]